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Body Mass Index: What Is It And Is It Useful?

Body Mass Index: What Is It And Is It Useful?

Anybody who tracks their own weight and level of fitness is familiar with BMI (Body Mass Index). It’s a number determined by dividing one’s weight in pounds by one’s height in inches squared, and multiplying the result by 703, and it’s designed to indicate whether or not people are underweight, overweight, obese, or just right. And although BMI is a ubiquitous measure used by insurance companies to set premiums, pharmaceutical companies to push diet pills, and by physicians to advise patients about weight loss and weight gain, there has been strong evidence for some time that the whole concept is just bogus.

According to Mother Jones, “A higher BMI doesn’t necessarily mean you’re less healthy. In fact, patients with heart disease and metabolic disorders whose BMIs classify them as overweight or mildly obese survive longer than their normal and underweight peers. A 2013 meta-analysis by the National Center for Health Statistics looked at 97 studies covering nearly 3 million people and concluded that those with overweight BMIs were 6 percent less likely to die in a given year than those in the normal range. These results were even more pronounced for middle-aged and elderly people. This is known as the obesity paradox. “The World Health Organization calls BMIs of 25 to 29.9 overweight,” says Paul McAuley, an exercise researcher at Winston-Salem State University. “That is actually what is healthiest for middle-aged Americans.”

But regardless of BMI’s usefulness as a measure of overall health, that doesn’t mean it’s not a good idea to exercise properly. So read this while you’re on your way to the gym or as you’re going out for a nice long walk.

Photo: wikimedia

To Slim Down, It Helps To Get Up Early And See The Light, Study Says

To Slim Down, It Helps To Get Up Early And See The Light, Study Says

By Karen Kaplan, Los Angeles Times

LOS ANGELES—To maximize your chances of fighting flab, new research offers some simple advice: Wake up early and go outside.

People who loaded up on light exposure at the beginning of the day were most likely to have a lower body mass index, according to a study published this week in the journal PLOS ONE. That relationship between morning light and BMI was independent of how many calories the study participants consumed.

It may sound crazy, but there is sound scientific evidence to back up the link. Circadian rhythm plays an important role in regulating metabolism, and studies have shown that exposure to morning light can influence body fat and the hormones that regulate appetite.

In one study, for instance, sleep-deprived subjects whose levels of the hormones leptin and ghrelin were out of whack saw those levels improve after being exposed to light for two hours after waking up. In another study, obese women who were exposed to bright light for at least 45 minutes between the hours of 6 a.m. and 9 a.m. dropped some of their body fat after three weeks. And studies in animals have found that altering light exposure changed their metabolism, resulting in weight gain even when the animals consumed the same amount of calories as before.

With all this in mind, researchers at Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago persuaded 54 volunteers to wear a wrist monitor that measured their light exposure (including its timing and intensity) as well as their sleep patterns. The volunteers were also asked to keep a detailed log of everything they ate and drank during a seven-day period.

The volunteers (whose average age was 30) tended to be night owls — on average, they went to sleep at 1:26 a.m. and woke up at 8:49 a.m. Compared to Americans as a whole, they were thin, with 58 percent reporting a body mass index of 24 or lower.

When the researchers analyzed the data, they found only one variable that correlated to BMI: MLiT. That stands for “mean light timing above threshold,” and it’s a measurement that takes into account the timing, length and brightness of each volunteer’s light exposure.

Translating that into practical terms, the researchers said the key was to bask in light of at least 500 lux, and that such basking was most valuable when the exposure came early in the day. For every hour that light exposure was delayed, BMI rose by 1.28 points.

The complete mathematical model took into account demographic factors like age and gender; the amount of sleep and exercise volunteers got; and the season of the year. But of all these variables, MLiT did the best job of predicting a person’s BMI.

When the researchers limited their analysis to BMI and light exposure between the hours of 8 a.m. and noon, they found no significant correlation. This suggested that light exposure throughout the day helps regulate body weight, the researchers wrote.

But there’s clearly something special about morning light. They’re not sure what it is, but one possibility is the fact that morning light contains more wavelengths in the blue portion of the spectrum. “Blue light has been shown to have the strongest effect on the circadian system,” the study authors wrote.

It shouldn’t be too hard to get yourself exposed to 500 lux. A typical office is about that bright. If you go outside, you’ll get more than 10,000 lux in full daylight, and if it’s overcast you’ll still get more than 1,000 lux.

Although more study is needed, of course, the researchers concluded that “light is a powerful biological signal and appropriate timing, intensity and duration of exposure may represent a potentially modifiable risk factor for the prevention and management of obesity in modern societies.”

Wednesday’s study was funded by grants from various branches of the National Institutes of Health.

Photo via Wikimedia